统一碳税和差异化碳税下的再制造绩效评价

分别在无碳税、统一碳税和差异化碳税三种政策下,构建了垄断制造商的利润最大化决策模型,研究实施不同碳税政策对制造商的再制造生产决策、碳排放和社会福利的影响.研究表明:相比于无碳税政策,政府征收碳税减少了制造商的利润和碳排放,在一定条件下有利于提高社会福利;实施碳税政策有利于鼓励更多类型的制造商参与再制造,并且差异化碳税比统一碳税具有更大的灵活性.进一步地,结合理论比较和数值试验,研究了政府在统一碳税的基础上分别做单向和双向差异化碳税调整后的绩效变化情况,结论表明:统一碳税与差异化碳税不存在绝对占优的碳税形式.政府应根据再制造品特点、单位环境污染损失、统一碳税基准水平和调整幅度等特点,采取合理的碳税调整方式以优化社会福利.     

山西省重点实验室评估政策研究

省重点实验室是地方科技创新平台的重要组成部分,发挥着为地方集聚人才、提升基础研究和应用基础研究能力的重要作用,重点实验室评估政策的制定和实施应以推动实验室提质增效、发挥科技创新平台效用为基础.在阐述实验室体系、评估意义及重点实验室定位、作用的基础上,结合国内外考核评估相关政策、山西省现有实验室建设情况,提出了山西省重点实验室评估政策的建议.     

Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

融媒体环境下的受众计算:途径与挑战

融媒体改革是传统媒体应对传媒经济平台化和传媒平台智能化浪潮的一项重要措施.传统机构在融媒体环境中利用数据驱动的计算传播学方法“重新”认识受众、量化传播效果,既是时代的必然,又是时代的需要.本文论述融媒体环境中受众计算的“为什么”和“怎么做”问题,将受众分析分解为三个纵向数据维度(文本、网络和时空数据)和两个横向方法维度(统计分析和机器学习).最后,我们着重讨论融媒体受众计算所面临的困难和挑战,并提出可能的解决方案.     

小行星35633和135356的历表研制及密近交会前后的轨道演化

在已知(349)Dembowska高精度质量的情况下,通过考虑密近交会改进了小行星35633和135356的历表.本文由蒙特卡罗方法给出了改进历表的不确定度,并利用姚安高精度望远镜的观测数据验证了历表改进的可靠性.与未考虑密近交会因素的JPL历表比较的结果表明,两种轨道之间瞬时根数的差值在密近交会时刻附近快速变化,这体现了(349)Dembowska在交会中对天体轨道演化的影响.尽管这种影响在一定时间内并不会产生显著的观测效应,但在历表研制中不予以考虑会显著降低外推历表位置的精度.     

原位孔内剪切试验在路基边坡支护设计中的应用

为了对边坡的合理设计提供严密的参考依据,采用原位孔内剪切试验测试了某路基边坡填土的抗剪强度,对不同工况下的边坡支护效果开展数值模拟分析.结果表明,该路基边坡填土压实质量欠佳,呈现轻微的应变硬化特征,其内摩擦角为24°,黏聚力为12 kPa.采用桩基托梁挡墙支护后,边坡最大横向位移可以降低76.5％～84.5％,且随着桩长的增加,边坡变形逐渐减小,但减小幅度呈下降趋势;边坡全局应变水平相比支护前也有所减小,局部最大剪应变明显降低,滑弧特征被削弱.因此,可采用原位孔内剪切试验较为准确地获取边坡填土的强度参数,使得边坡支护设计更合理.     

De Casteljau Algorithm and Degree Elevation of Toric Surface Patches

De Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of Bézier and NURBS curves/surfaces are two important techniques in computer aided geometric design. This paper presents the de Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of toric surface patches, which include tensor product and triangular rational Bézier surfaces as special cases. Some representative examples of toric surface patches with common shapes are illustrated to verify these two algorithms. Moreover, the authors also apply the degree elevation of toric surface patches to isogeometric analysis. And two more examples show the effectiveness of proposed method.     

融媒体背景下传统民营科技型企业的互联网转型:协同进化视角

借助隐喻手段,基于融媒体发展背景,以协同进化为理论依据,剖析传统民营科技型企业的互联网转型过程,总结机理与路径,提出协同进化式转型的理论模型.以千城智联(上海)网络科技有限公司为案例企业,分析其与地方电视台的协同进化过程,研究发现:①基因改变意味着组织认知模式的变化,具体表现是互联网思维的建立以及从单式思维到链式思维的转变;②协同进化基本路径为企业基因改变→企业行为转变→合作方基因改变→合作方行为转变→企业与合作方性状变化;③协同进化的标志是生态位改变,后者由协同关系的转变来衡量,分别经历了买卖关系、资源共享关系、价值共创与共享关系三种状态;④协同关系的演进激发平台网络效应的形成.     

Attack and Defense Strategies in Complex Networks Based on Game Theory

To investigate the attack and defense strategies in complex networks, the authors propose a two-player zero-sum static game model with complete information which considers attack and defense strategies simultaneously. The authors assume that both the attacker and defender have two typical strategies: Targeted strategy and random strategy. The authors explore the Nash equilibriums of the attacker-defender game and demonstrate that when the attacker's attack resources are not so significantly abundant as the defender's resources, there exists a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium in both model networks and real-world networks, in which the defender protects the hub targets with large degrees preferentially, while the attacker prefers selecting the targets randomly. When the attack resources are much higher than defense resources, both the attacker and the defender adopt the targeted strategy in equilibriums. This paper provides a new theoretical framework for the study of attack and defense strategies in complex networks.